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比较中国文明和西方文明

2021-12

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StaringintotheGazeofaVeryDifferentBeast--AparisonBetweenChineseCivilizationandWesternCivilization

StaringintotheGazeofaVeryDifferentBeast--AparisonBetweenChineseCivilizationandWesternCivilization

AncientTreasuresmayhelpexplainingbighistoricmysteriesofChina:Whydidourancestorsleaveusalegacythatissodistinctive?WhywasChinaEmpiredecliningwhiletheWestcatchingupinthelatecenturies?

RecentlyIvisitedanexhibitionoruscanCivilizationinShanghaiMuseum.Besideitsattractiveexoticstyle,ithasauniqueemphasisontheinstrumentalform  aformthatreflectsacultureofthesea.There,twovesselscaughtmyeyes.Oneisawinecupintheshapeofamerchantship.  Theotherisapot,whichlookslikeafish.

Thisisveryinteresting.

Ourantiquesconcerntensofthousandofpotsandcups,butasIseeit,rarelydowehaveanythingshapedintoasea-bornanimmorships.Whatwehave,forinstance,bronzegobletcarriedonthebackby4goatsorsomewinevesselinformofabullorpig(gong),ourantiquesreflectacivilizationofagriculture.So,inthefaceofEtruscanrelics,IrecognizedthatIwasstaringintothegazeofaverydifferentbeast.

Whatdifferentiatedthetwocivilizationssodrastically?Let'sprobeournation'srootsandlookbacktotheeconomicbackgroundofAncientChina.

"Ifweparethesocialeconomytoatree",theintellectualsoftheoldagesusedtosay,"thenagricultureisitsstem,whilebusinesstheboughs".Thisparisonrevealstheignoranceandcurbwelonginflictuponbusiness,andanperpetualemphasisontheimportanceofagricultureforthepurposeoffeedingalargepopulationevenintheearlyepochs.

OnceIreadfromtheNationalGeographyMagazihatarchaeologistshadunearthedtherelicsinaruinedfortoftheNewEnglandcoloniesonlytofindthattheywereallstarvedtodeath.Therelicsindicatedthatthemortalitywasafailureintheireconomicpolicies:archaeologistsdiscoveredthepopulationwasmainlyposedofartisansormerchants.Fewfarmershadeversettledthere.  Theycametotheplacetoexploittheresources,manufacturingmerchandisetoexport.  ItwasabsurdthattheydevisedtheplantogetfoodsupplybytradinggoodstothelocalIndians.Unexpecteddroughtshowedup,theIndiansthemselvesdidn'thaveenoughtoeat,hencetheendofthegarrison.

ButsuchthingscanneverhappentoChinesepeople.Chinesepeasants,inthewordsofFeiXiaoTong,wouldalsotrytosowsomeseedsonsuchbarrenlandasinSiberiaiftheymigratedthere.

OraclebonesareingtolightinAnyangonwhichinscriptionsspeakingofharvest,simultaneouslyrustedHellenicOarswokeupfromitslongsleepinthebottomofMediterranean.ArchaeologistsfromChinaandabroaduncovernotonlyartifactsbutalsothesubtleinterplaybetweenpastandpresent,OrientandWest.

简  评

“文以载道”。写文章是为了表达作者的思想,是为了人们读这篇文章以后能够有所思考、有所裨益。“为什么昔日强大的中华帝国逐渐衰落而西方国家却走向强盛?”文章开篇即提出这样一个重大问题。接着从一个文物展览开始,将中西文化差异进行对比分析,从而得出结论——重农轻商和重商轻农的政策差异是造成社会兴衰的一个重要原因。作者的这种思想自然有其道理,但一篇学生习作显然难以讲清如此复杂的思想。所以虽然作者选材和论述角度均很有新意,仍然很难令人完全信服。另外,作者没有重视语篇中衔接手段的运用,给人感觉缺少连贯。